;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; English Pluralization Exceptions ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; ;; These are "exceptions" or rules that ;; only apply to a small set of words. Much ;; of the basic rules actually happen in the ;; code. All special processing instructions ;; are prefixed by a colon, ':'. This allows ;; someone else to use this file as a huge ;; lookup table, simply by ignoring lines ;; that start w/ both semi-colons (comments, ;; ';') and colons (processing instructions, ;; ':'). ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; ;; Format: ;; ;; singular plural | plural ;; original anglecized | classical ;; ;; Having only the singular means that the ;; word is not inflected. Having just the ;; original and anglecized means the ;; classical version will be the same as the ;; anglecized. Leaving out the anglecized ;; version (ex. enema | enemata), means ;; that if the Pluralizer isn't in classical ;; mode, that the singular word will just ;; be treated as a normal word, and parsed ;; w/ normal rules. In the example, enema ;; will come out as enemas. ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; ;; Similar rules can be grouped in categories ;; w/ the :cat($1,$2) instruction. Typically ;; $1 is the default suffix, and $2 is the ;; pluralized suffix, though this isn't ;; needed. They are hashed as '$1,$2'. End ;; categories w/ :end_cat, or another ;; category. ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; ;; Words that aren't in a category are put ;; into a "default" category. This default ;; category is just used as a general hash ;; table for exceptions. If a rule isn't ;; in a category, it will be used if the ;; word is passed to it. ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; beef beefs | beeves brother brothers | brethren child children cow cows | kine ephemeris ephemerides genie genies | genii money moneys | monies mongoose mongooses mythos mythoi octopus octopuses | octopodes ox oxen soliloquy soliloquies trilby trilbys ;; Words w/o inflection :cat(,) bison bison flounder flounder pliers pliers bream bream gallows gallows proceedings proceedings breeches breeches graffiti graffiti rabies rabies britches britches headquarters headquarters salmon salmon carp carp herpes herpes scissors scissors chassis chassis high-jinks high-jinks sea-bass sea-bass clippers clippers homework homework series series cod cod innings innings shears shears contretemps contretemps jackanapes jackanapes species species corps corps mackerel mackerel swine swine debris debris measles measles trout trout diabetes diabetes mews mews tuna tuna djinn djinn mumps mumps whiting whiting eland eland news news wildebeest wildebeest elk elk pincers pincers :end_cat :cat(a,ae) alumna alumnae alga algae vertebra vertebrae ;; Classical ONLY abscissa | abscissa formula | formula medusa | medusa amoeba | amoeba hydra | hydra nebula | nebula antenna | antenna hyperbola | hyperbola nova | nova aurora | aurora lacuna | lacuna parabola | parabola :end_cat :cat(a,ata) ;; Classical ONLY anathema | anathemata enema | enemata oedema | oedemata bema | bemata enigma | enigmata sarcoma | sarcomata carcinoma | carcinomata gumma | gummata schema | schemata charisma | charismata lemma | lemmata soma | somata diploma | diplomata lymphoma | lymphomata stigma | stigmata dogma | dogmata magma | magmata stoma | stomata drama | dramata melisma | melismata trauma | traumata edema | edemata miasma | miasma :end_cat :cat(en,ina) ;; Classical ONLY stamen | stamina foramen | foramina lumen | lumina :end_cat :cat(ex,ices) codex codices murex murices silex silices ;; Classical ONLY apex | apices latex | latices vertex | vertices cortex | cortices pontifex | pontifices vortex | vortices index | indices simplex | simplices :end_cat :cat(is,ides) iris irises | irides clitoris clitorises | clitorides :end_cat :cat(on,a) aphelion aphelia hyperbaton hyperbata perihelion perihelia asyndeton asyndeta noumenon noumena phenomenon phenomena criterion criteria organon organa prolegomenon prolegomena :end_cat :cat(um,a) agendum agenda datum data extremum extrema bacterium bacteria desideratum desiderata stratum strata candelabrum candelabra erratum errata ovum ova ;; Classical ONLY aquarium | aquaria interregnum | interregna quantum | quanta compendium | compendia lustrum | lustra rostrum | rostra consortium | consortia maximum | maxima spectrum | spectra cranium | crania medium | media speculum | specula curriculum | curricula memorandum | memoranda stadium | stadia dictum | dicta millenium | millenia trapezium | trapezia emporium | emporia minimum | minima ultimatum | ultimata enconium | enconia momentum | momenta vacuum | vacua gymnasium | gymnasia optimum | optima velum | vela honorarium | honoraria phylum | phyla :end_cat :cat(us,us) ;; Classical ONLY apparatus apparatuses | apparatus impetus impetuses | impetus prospectus prospectuses | prospectus cantus cantuses | cantus nexus nexuses | nexus sinus sinuses | sinus coitus coituses | coitus plexus plexuses | plexus status statuses | status hiatus hiatuses | hiatus :end_cat :cat(us,i) ;; Classical ONLY focus focuses | foci nimbus nimbuses | numbi succubus succubuses | succubi fungus funguses | fungi nucleolus nucleoluses | nucleoli torus toruses | tori genius geniuses | genii radius radiuses | radii umbilicus umbilicuses | umbilici incubus incubuses | incubi stylus styluses | styli uterus uteruses | uteri :end_cat :cat(,i) afreet afreeti afrit afriti efreet efreeti :end_cat :cat(,im) cherub cherubim goy goyim seraph seraphim :end_cat acropolis acropolises aegis aegises alias aliases asbestos asbestoses bathos bathoses bias biases bronchitis branchitises bursitis bursitises caddis caddises cannabis cannabises canvas canvases chaos chaoses cosmos cosmoses dais daises digitalis digitalises epidermis epidermises ethos ethoses eyas eyases gas gases glottis glottises hubris hubrises ibis ibises lens lenses mantis mantises marquis marquises metropolis metropolises pathos pathoses pelvis pelvises polis polises rhinoceros rhinoceroses sassafrass sassafrasses trellis trellises ;; Mine, my own, my precious alumnus alumni ;; End